探讨四种肿瘤标志物联合在肺癌诊断中的应用

目的 探讨血清癌胚抗原(CEA)、细胞角蛋白19片段21-1(CYFRA21-1)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)和糖类抗原125(CA125)在肺癌患者中的水平及其在肺癌鉴别诊断中的临床价值.方法 随机选取52例肺癌患者、40例良性肺部感染者、40名健康体检者,分为肺癌组、对照组及健康组.采用电化学发光法对三组人群的CEA、CA125、NSE和CYFRA21-1进行检测分析.结果 四种肿瘤标记物水平肺癌组均明显高于对照组以及健康组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);CEA、CA125、NSE和CYFRA21-1单项检测对肺癌组的敏感度分别为44.23％、38.46％、42.31％和51.92％,四项标记物联合检测敏感度为86.54％;CEA和CA125在腺癌中表达显著高于小细胞肺癌和鳞状细胞癌(P＜0.05);CYFRA21-1在腺癌和鳞状细胞癌中表达明显高于小细胞癌(P＜0.05);NSE在小细胞肺癌中表达较高.结论 四种肿瘤标记物在肺癌诊断中分别具有一定的应用价值,可为肺癌的鉴别诊断提供参考依据,联合检测可显著提高肺癌诊断的灵敏度和准确度,值得临床推广应用.     

桂芍知母汤对类风湿关节炎VEGF的作用探讨

通过对桂芍知母汤及类风湿关节炎的全面认识,探讨该药物对类风湿关节炎血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的作用。     

313例尿培养病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的分析313例清洁中段尿培养菌株构成及耐药性分析,为医师合理规范使用抗生素提供依据。方法对医院2012年6月~2013年5月住院泌尿系感染患者尿培养分离出的313株病原菌用法国梅里埃公司VITEK 2 COMPACT全自动微生物鉴定药敏检测系统仪进行鉴定和药敏试验。结果共培养1804份中段尿标本,分离出313例病原微生物,阳性率17.35%。其中革兰阴性杆菌、革兰阳性球菌、真菌、革兰阳性杆菌分别占65.50%、19.81%、7.35%、7.35%。大肠埃希菌仍是泌尿系感染的主要致病菌,其次为肺炎克雷伯杆菌、阴沟肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、奇异变形菌;其中产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)大肠埃希菌占大肠埃希菌41.94%;而在革兰阳性菌中以肠球菌属为主。检出耐亚胺培南的肺炎克雷伯菌1株,耐碳青霉烯类阴沟肠杆菌2株,耐万古霉素屎肠球菌1例。结论泌尿系感染常见病原菌仍为大肠埃希菌,临床应根据尿培养及药敏试验结果有针对性筛选敏感药物进行治疗。     

神经肽Y在自发性癫痫大鼠海马内过表达

目的探讨自发性癫痫大鼠(SER)海马中,神经肽Y(Neuropeptide Y,NPY)的表达变化。方法 RT-PCR检测自发性癫痫大鼠和正常对照组Wistar大鼠海马中NPY mRNA表达,ELISA试剂盒法检测NPY蛋白浓度变化。结果自发性癫痫大鼠海马中NPY mRNA表达水平和NPY蛋白的浓度比正常对照组Wistar大鼠明显上调(P0.01)。结论 NPY mRNA和蛋白过表达可能与自发性癫痫发生机制有关。     

Constitutive ERK1/2 activation contributes to production of double minute chromosomes in tumour cells

Double minute chromosomes (DMs) are extrachromosomal cytogenetic structures found in tumour cells. As hallmarks of gene amplification, DMs often carry oncogenes and drug‐resistance genes and play important roles in malignant tumour progression and drug resistance. The mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway is frequently dysregulated in human malignant tumours, which induces genomic instability, but it remains unclear whether a close relationship exists between MAPK signalling and DMs. In the present study, we focused on three major components of MAPK signalling, ERK1/2, JNK1/2/3 and p38, to investigate the relationship between MAPK and DM production in tumour cells. We found that the constitutive phosphorylation of ERK1/2, but not JNK1/2/3 and p38, was closely associated with DMs in tumour cells. Inhibition of ERK1/2 activation in DM‐containing and ERK1/2 constitutively phosphorylated tumour cells was able to markedly decrease the number of DMs, as well as the degree of amplification and expression of DM‐carried genes. The mechanism was found to be an increasing tendency of DM DNA to break, become enveloped into micronuclei (MNs) and excluded from the tumour cells during the S/G₂ phases of the cell cycle, events that accompanied the reversion of malignant behaviour. Our study reveals a linkage between ERK1/2 activation and DM stability in tumour cells. © 2014 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.     

SEMA3F prevents metastasis of colorectal cancer by PI3K–AKT‐dependent down‐regulation of the ASCL2–CXCR4 axis

Semaphorin‐3F (SEMA3F), an axonal repulsant in nerve development, has been shown to inhibit the progression of human colorectal cancer (CRC); however, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. In this study we found a negative correlation between the levels of SEMA3F and CXCR4 in CRC specimens from 85 patients, confirmed by bioinformatics analysis of gene expression in 229 CRC samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas. SEMA3F^high/CXCR4^low patients showed the lowest frequency of lymph node and distant metastasis and the longest survival. Mechanistically, SEMA3F inhibited the invasion and metastasis of CRC cells through PI3K–AKT‐dependent down‐regulation of the ASCL2–CXCR4 axis. Specifically, ASCL2 enhanced the invasion and metastasis of CRC cells in vitro and expression of ASCL2 correlated with distant metastasis, tumour size and poor overall survival in CRC patients. Treatment of CRC cells with the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 attenuated SEMA3F knockdown‐induced invasion and metastasis of CRC cells in vitro and in vivo. Our study thus demonstrates that SEMA3F functions as a suppressor of CRC metastasis via down‐regulating the ASCL2–CXCR4 axis. Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

CCK-8降低LPS诱导的小鼠单核细胞RAW264.7 CHOP/caspase-11/caspase-1的表达

目的探讨CCK-8对LPS激活RAW264.7细胞CHOP/caspase-11/caspase-1信号通路的影响。方法用LPS和(或)CCK-8和(或)CCK-8的1受体阻滞剂孵育RAW 264.7细胞,用Western blot法检测CHOP、caspase-11蛋白表达,用试剂盒检测caspase-1活性,用ELISA技术检测细胞培养上清中IL-1β水平。结果与对照组相比,LPS组CHOP、caspase-11表达水平均显著升高(P0.05),给予CCK-8可有效抑制LPS诱导的CHOP、caspase-11表达升高(P0.05),而预先给予CCK-8的1受体阻滞剂可明显抑制CCK-8的作用。caspase-1活性变化、IL-1β含量变化趋势均与CHOP、caspase-11表达水平变化趋势一致(P0.05)。结论 CCK-8通过受体1抑制CHOP/caspase-11/caspase-1表达,减少LPS诱导IL-1β的生成,发挥抗炎作用。     

α-硫辛酸治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的疗效

目的:观察α-硫辛酸(ALA)治疗糖尿病周围神经病变(DPN)患者的疗效及安全性。方法:2型糖尿病(DM)并发DPN患者64例随机分为ALA组34例与对照组30例。ALA组予ALA及甲钴胺每日1次静滴治疗,对照组予甲钴胺每日1次静滴治疗,疗程3周。观察治疗前后2组血糖、血脂、临床症状评分、肌电图神经传导速度及血C反应蛋白(CRP)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)、维生素E的变化。结果:治疗后,2组血糖、血脂变化无明显差异;ALA组的TSS总分、振动感觉、冷热觉、神经传导速度与治疗前相比有改善(P0.01),且低于对照组(P0.01);对照组的血CRP降低(P0.05),ALA组的血CRP、MDA含量降低、SOD增高(P0.05或0.01)。结论:抗氧化剂ALA治疗DPN可改善临床症状,且无明显不良反应。     

人工流产后计划生育服务对避孕措施的影响研究

目的:了解人工流产后计划生育服务对避孕措施的近期及远期影响,为形成优质、持久的服务模式提供依据。方法:对2013年7—11月在上海市徐汇区4家综合医院行人工流产的937名妇女进行问卷调查,配对分成干预组和对照组。干预组提供流产后计划生育服务,对照组提供常规流产后服务。随访所有对象流产后1个月及1年避孕措施的使用情况。结果:干预组与对照组流产后1个月避孕措施使用率分别为88.0%、65.5%(P0.001);流产后1个月有效避孕措施使用率分别为88.0%、40.4%(P0.001);流产后1年有效避孕措施使用率分别为64.3%、26.4%(P0.001)。干预组流产后1年内有效避孕措施使用依从性最好的是避孕套,其次是宫内节育器,依从性较差的是复方口服避孕药。结论:流产后计划生育服务能提高流产后避孕措施的使用率及有效避孕措施使用率,但流产后1年有效避孕措施使用率有所下降。接受流产后计划生育服务对象流产后1年避孕套的持续使用率较高,复方口服避孕药的持续使用率较低。